Smart Cards
Smart cards are cards with embedded chips that can be used to process data. They are also known as integrated circuit or chip cards. They are usually the same size as a credit card, and made of plastic, although SIM cards are also a form of smart card.
The first use of smart cards was in phone cards for pay phones in France. Since then, they have been used in debit and credit cards, SIM cards in cell phones, and as a means of payment for public transport. More recently, smart cards have been used as identity cards.
Security is very high with smart cards. They are tamper-resistant, with a cryptographic algorithm to protect the data that they carry. This makes them ideal for identity cards, credit cards and other cards that contain personal or financial information.
Every contact smart card has a small gold area on its surface. This is the part of the card that must make contact with the card reader. An electronic connector reads the card through the gold pad. The card must be inserted into the reader in the correct orientation so that the gold pad is placed in the correct position to be read.
Contactless smart cards are now available. Unlike the older cards, these only need to be positioned close to the contactless card reader, rather than inserted into a reader. This makes the contact less cards much quicker to use, which is particularly advantageous when paying for public transport. The card can just be touched against the reader when entering a bus or passing through a gate, without needing to stop and use a card reader.
The main drawback to using smart cards is that they are easily damaged. The plastic cards are often broken, particularly as they are likely to be roughly handled and stuffed into pockets and handbags. It is fairly cheap to replace a broken smart card, however.
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